NEET Physics Master Formula Sheet

Hello future doctors! Physics requires concept clarity, but it also demands lightning-fast calculation speed. To beat the clock in NEET, these formulas must be on your fingertips. This master sheet covers the highest-weightage formulas of Class 11 & 12 Physics.

→ 1. Kinematics (Motion in 1D & 2D)

Equations of Motion (Constant Acceleration):

• Velocity-Time: v = u + at
• Position-Time: S = ut + ½at²
• Velocity-Position: v² = u² + 2aS
• Displacement in n^th second: S_n = u + (a/2)(2n - 1)

Projectile Motion:

• Time of Flight: T = (2u sinθ) / g
• Maximum Height: H = (u² sin²θ) / 2g
• Horizontal Range: R = (u² sin2θ) / g
• Equation of Trajectory: y = x tanθ - (gx²) / (2u² cos²θ)

→ 2. Laws of Motion & Friction

• Newton's 2nd Law: F = dp/dt = ma
• Static Friction: f_s(max) = μ_sN
• Kinetic Friction: f_k = μ_kN
• Banking of Roads (safe speed): v = √(rg tanθ)
• Apparent weight in a lift (moving up): W' = m(g + a)

→ 3. Work, Energy, and Power

• Work Done (Constant Force): W = F · d = Fd cosθ
• Kinetic Energy: K.E. = ½mv² = p² / 2m
• Work-Energy Theorem: W_net = ΔK.E.
• Power: P = dW/dt = F · v
• Potential Energy of Spring: U = ½kx²

→ 4. Gravitation

• Newton's Law of Gravitation: F = G(m&sub1;m&sub2;) / r²
• Acceleration due to gravity (at depth d): g_d = g(1 - d/R)
• Acceleration due to gravity (at height h): g_h ≈ g(1 - 2h/R) (for h << R)
• Escape Velocity: v_e = √(2gR) = √(2GM/R)
• Orbital Velocity: v_o = √(gR) = v_e / √2

→ 5. Thermodynamics

• First Law of Thermodynamics: ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW
• Work Done by an Ideal Gas: W = ∫P dV
• Isothermal Process: W = 2.303 nRT log&sub1;&sub0;(V&sub2;/V&sub1;)
• Adiabatic Process: PV^γ = Constant
• Efficiency of Carnot Engine: η = 1 - (T&sub2;/T&sub1;) (T in Kelvin!)

→ 6. Electrostatics

• Coulomb's Law: F = (1/4πε&sub0;) · (q&sub1;q&sub2; / r²)
• Electric Field (point charge): E = F/q = (1/4πε&sub0;) · (q / r²)
• Electric Potential: V = (1/4πε&sub0;) · (q / r)
• Capacitance of Parallel Plate: C = ε&sub0;A / d
• Energy stored in Capacitor: U = ½CV² = Q² / 2C = ½QV

→ 7. Current Electricity

• Ohm's Law: V = IR
• Resistance: R = ρ(l/A)
• Electrical Power: P = VI = I²R = V²/R
• Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL): ΣV = 0 (Conservation of Energy)
• Wheatstone Bridge (Balanced): P/Q = R/S

→ 8. Magnetic Effects of Current

• Biot-Savart Law: dB = (μ&sub0;/4π) · (I dl sinθ / r²)
• Magnetic Field at center of circular loop: B = μ&sub0;I / 2R
• Magnetic Field due to straight long wire: B = μ&sub0;I / 2πr
• Lorentz Force (Charge in E and B fields): F = q[E + (v × B)]
• Radius of circular path of charge: r = mv / qB = p / qB

→ 9. Ray Optics & Wave Optics

Ray Optics:

• Mirror Formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u
• Lens Formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u
• Magnification: m = -v/u (Mirror) | m = v/u (Lens)
• Prism Formula: μ = sin((A+δm)/2) / sin(A/2)

Wave Optics (YDSE):

• Fringe Width: β = λD / d
• Path Difference for Maxima: Δx = nλ
• Path Difference for Minima: Δx = (2n-1)λ/2

→ 10. Modern Physics

Dual Nature of Matter & Radiation:

• Einstein's Photoelectric Equation: K_max = hν - Φ
• De Broglie Wavelength: λ = h/p = h/√(2mK)

Atoms (Bohr Model):

• Radius of n^th orbit: r_n = 0.529 (n²/Z) Å
• Energy of n^th orbit: E_n = -13.6 (Z²/n²) eV
• Rydberg's Equation: 1/λ = RZ² [1/n&sub1;² - 1/n&sub2;²]

Nuclei & Radioactivity:

• Mass-Energy Equivalence: E = Δmc²
• Law of Radioactive Decay: N = N&sub0;e^-λt
• Half-Life: T_½ = 0.693 / λ